Theme Of Heroism In To Kill A Mockingbird - 743 Words

No hero is made without experiencing pain. For Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, this pain is being accused of a crime that he did not commit. In the 1930’s, the time period in which the Bildungsroman classic is set, the severe discrimination he faces is accepted and even encouraged. This appalling reality was a daily struggle for the African Americans living in the small Alabama town. As a minority in Maycomb, Tom is a great example of unexpected heroism due to the intense race relationships, the collective standards of honor, and the traditional community. The race relationships, a common barrier in the South, had a substantial influence on how Tom lived. Discrimination was simply a way of life, for it was considered†¦show more content†¦Tom, however, out of the compassion of his heart, made a risky decision to help Mayella Ewell. In the court trial, Tom is asked, â€Å"‘Why were you so anxious to do that’s woman’s chores?’†(263); the very thought of a black man assisting a white woman in some minor chores brought discomfort to the close-minded. Tom breaks the community’s rules of separation, to selflessly help somebody else, while at the same time, getting himself into an intimidating position for a black man. In one of his arguments, Tom explains how he never accepted any payment from Mayella, for he knew her economic status was low (256). His charity is heroic, but in a town like Maycomb, it is unacceptable. Without the community, a crucial element of southern literature, Tom never w ould have been a hero. In actuality, the order that was present was the perfect environment for Tom to create chaos as an unlikely hero. The honor code was important to developing him, but it was Maycomb itself that really enforced it. The social norms of racism create a tight confinement: â€Å"‘There’s been some high talk around town to the effect that I shouldn’t be defending this man’† (100). Atticus, the lawyer who defends Tom, speaks to the influence of the community and how controlling the town’s opinions were. Additionally, he talks of society’s many do’s and don’t’s. Its restrictions were harsh, and not following what was expected of you was consideredShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis1244 Words   |  5 PagesWas Atticus Finch was the true hero of To Kill A Mockingbird? Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird narrates the journey of Scout Finch from an immature, feisty, close mind ed young girl, to a strong, brave and courageous girl that now knows the truth about Boo Radley the towns ‘freak’. Boo Radley is middle aged man who is known as a creep but by the end of the novel they realise that he is a nice man. Scout is the daughter of Maycombs brave and courageous lawyer, Atticus Finch who defends Tom RobinsonRead MoreMajor Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb, Alabama in 1903. This novel is basically a coming of age story for a young girl named Scout and her older brother named Jem. Who grows up in a time where racism is normal. They soon learn to stand up for what is right, just like their dad, Atticus. The Coexistence of Good and Evil The most important theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is the Coexistence of good and evil. The novel approaches this theme in many ways throughoutRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis721 Words   |  3 PagesLuke Netherton Mr. Humphrey class 6th Period English ll December 21 To Kill a Mockingbird is written by Harper Lee. It is the story of a black man’s struggle for justice. The protagonists Atticus Finch and his daughter Scout and other characters such as Tom Robinson and Bob Ewell, the author reveals her themes showing the evils of racism and the need in humans for respect. heroism is found in this novel, characters who show both physical and moral courage. Three characters to start areRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1547 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is a classic piece of American literature written by Harper Lee. She illustrates a theme of the intolerance of prejudice and the quick judgments of others. The book takes the reader back to the 1930’s in a small town known as Maycomb. Harper Lee chose to give the reader an innocent, pure view of the different situations in the book through the eyes of a young girl named Jean Louise Finch who is also known as Scout. To Kill a Mockingbird is a pleasurable read for people ofRead MoreRacism In America Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesinspired Harper Lee to begin writing. the perfect time for Harper Lee’s internationally acclaimed novel; To Kill A Mockingbird to be released. Unlike laws, novels have the power to change attitudes. Few novels have had such a sustained impact on society’s views of education, identity and racism. The novel has sparked international debates, at its time of release. In 1960, when To Kill a Mockingbird was published, much of white America viewed the coming together of the races as immoral, dangerous, andRead MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird1570 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen victims of racism and segregation based upon their color. In recent history, the struggle to achieve equality and eradicate racism in the United States has been an ongoing battle since the late 1800’s. In Harper Lee s classic novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee uses her own experience and draws from events during her childhood to bring to expose racism against African Americans in the south. The Jim Crow Laws, the Plessy versus Ferguson case, other cases that followed, and authors like HarperRead MoreCourage in to Kill a Mockingbird1591 Words   |  7 PagesWhat kinds of heroism and courage are shown in To Kill a Mockingbird? Discuss. Courage is defined as the quality of mind or spirit enabling one to meet danger or opposition with fearlessness. According to Atticus Finch, one of the main characters in To Kill a Mockingbird, Courage is when you know youre licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. (pg.121). Harper Lee clearly portrays the theme of courage in her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. One likes toRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1910 Words   |  8 Pages To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author s observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narratorRead MoreThe Mockingbirds in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay1989 Words   |  8 PagesWalt Whitman’s 1859 poem â€Å"Out of the Cradle Rocking Endlessly† depicts the mockingbird as a symbol of innocence that chants or sings of fond memories from the past. By contrast, Harper Lee’s famous novel To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960, written almost a century after Whitman’s poem, portrays the mockingbird as innocent but as a fragile creature with horrific memories – memories of discrimination, isolation, and violence. Harper Lee wrote her novel, which is rooted in the fictional townRead MoreThe Thematic Struggle Between Society And Self3929 Words   |  16 Pagescode—boundaries that are at times threatening to collapse, that are threatened by circumstances and community members.† (Johnson 31) Praised by Chicago Tribune as being â€Å"a novel of strong contemporary national significance† , Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird presents an unforgettable story about a sleepy, traditional town and the larger evils that threaten the very foundation on which it was built. Racism, prejudice and class struggles are brought to light as the curious Scout Finch depicts the

Down Syndrome What Impact Does It Have On Children

Down Syndrome: What Impact Does It Have on Children? Down syndrome â€Å"is one of the most common genetic conditions†, which is caused when there is a â€Å"sporadic mutation that results in an extra chromosome 21† (Hobson-Rohrer, Samson-Fang, 2013). Each person is born with 46 chromosomes, one set of 23 from each parent, but a person with down syndrome has a total of 47 chromosomes because they have an extra chromosome 21. â€Å"The extra chromosome disrupts the normal course of development and results in the physical features and intellectual and developmental disabilities associated with the syndrome† (Down Syndrome). â€Å"The extra 21st chromosome cause biochemical changes that redirect brain development† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2013). Although Down Syndrome is one of the more common genetic conditions, the chance of a child being born with this disease is 1 in 691. This statistic decreases the older a woman is when she becomes pregnant. For women b etween the ages of 35-39 years’ old, the chance of having a child with Down syndrome is 1 in 270 (Hobson-Rohrer, Samson-Fang, 2013). This essay will discuss how Down syndrome affects children’s cognitive, physical, and social development as well as how research recommends accommodating a child with down syndrome in a classroom. To begin with, Down syndrome affects a child’s cognitive development. Down syndrome impairs a child’s cognitive development which include, â€Å"reduced working memory capacity† (Vicari, Carlesimo, Caltagirone, 1995),Show MoreRelatedNoninvasive Prenatal Testing Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy of how mothers of children with down syndrome feel about noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), especially the impact they think it will have on their families and other families with children who have down syndrome. NIPT is a highly sensitive blood test that allows doctors to detect Down syndrome early on in pregnancy with no ris k of miscarriage, therefore increasing the number of pregnancies identified with Down syndrome. Seventy-three mothers of children with Down syndrome responded to an anonymousRead MoreDown Syndrome : Genetic Disorder1293 Words   |  6 PagesDown syndrome is a genetic disorder that begins to develop at the cellular level after conception. All the cells in the human body contain a center, called a nucleus, in which genetic code of each human being is stored. This genetic material, known as genes, carries the codes responsible for all our inherited characteristics from the mother and the father. Genes are grouped along rod-like structures called chromosomes. The nucleus of each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, half of whichRead MoreOverview of the National Association for Down Syndrome1275 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿National Association for Down Syndrome The National Association for Down Syndrome is governed much like a traditional corporation, with a board of directors and staff members, although it is a nonprofit. NADS is the oldest organization in the country serving individuals with Down syndrome and their families.  It was founded in Chicago in 1961 by parents who chose to go against medical advice and raised their children with Down syndrome at home (About NADS, 2012, NADS). From its inception, NADSRead MoreOlder Women Having Babies Essay647 Words   |  3 Pagesdoctor enter the room with some blue papers in his hands. The doctor quickly looks at Nicole then turns away clearing his throat, â€Å"I have examined the test results that we just completed; you are pregnant but there are some complications.† â€Å"Complications? What do you mean doctor? I’m healthy. I’ve been healthy all my life. I never had a problem getting pregnant. What could be the problem?† â€Å"Well, you are pregnant with your first child at the age of 37. Therefore, you and your child are at a higherRead MoreDoes Down Syndrome Increase the Chances of Developing Leukemia?1098 Words   |  5 PagesDown syndrome is a genetic disease that occurs in people that have 47 chromosomes instead of 46. Does the Down syndrome increase the chances of developing leukemia? What health risks are involved in trying to keep children from getting leukemia? I have personally seen the effects of Down syndrome. There have been clinical trials that have shown the results of leukemia on kids with Down syndrome. The life expectancy has gone up dramatically because of medicine. Down syndrome has affected the livesRead MoreIntellectual Disabilities And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1493 Words   |  6 Pageshe retarded real bad ya. Some of us may recall a friend, teacher or even a parent calling us retarded. Often times we make these statements to others without truly understandin g what the words mean. What is mental retardation/intellectual disabilities? How is it diagnosed? Quickly two persons give us a definition of what they interpret intellectual disabilities to be? (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM V), (2013) identifies three major parts that are needed in the definition and diagnosisRead MoreThe Portrayal Of People With Down Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 Pagespeople with Down Syndrome in mass media. I chose to specifically evaluate CBC New’s portrayal because it is one of our greatest sources of news in British Columbia. This section will look into several of CBC’s most recent news stories that are about people with down syndrome and the adversity they face. We will see that there is a common trend towards advocating for these people as well as trying to rid Down Syndrome from being seen as a disability. The first news story is titled Boy with Down SyndromeRead MoreArticle Review : Down Syndrome From A Parent s Perspective And From The Perspective Of An Adult With Down843 Words   |  4 PagesFor this essay I have chosen two media articles that discuss Down Syndrome from a parent s perspective and from the perspective of an adult with Down Syndrome. I chose the articles as the subject matter is the same as they discuss day to day life, however the discourse and models present within the articles are diametrically opposed. I will examine the discourse and models present within each article with reference to the units I have studied so far. The first article I will be discussing is anRead MoreEthical Dilemm People Face Ethical Dilemmas943 Words   |  4 Pagesethical dilemmas every day. This brings to light what one’s personal ethics are based on. According to the lecture, â€Å"In a CWV ethics are grounded in absolute and universal moral principles that have been given by God. In modern culture, moral standards are subjective and based upon personal preference† (Lecture 16). In this essay a case study will be given and solutions to the dilemma will be given from two different worldviews. The ethical dilemma I have chosen to write about is abortion. I will firstRead MoreIs Alpha Thalassemia And It Affects From The Cellular?1412 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease. The paper will then discuss the protein that is involved in the disease and how the mutation affects the production of the protein. The production can either be still functioning, completely shut down, slowed, or part of the protein could still functi on while the other side does not. The impact of the mutation on the cellular level and the organ system if impacted will be discussed. After this, how the mutation will affect daily life and if the organism can survive to live a normal lifespan

Write An Essay About The ICT Professionals Skills â€MyAssignmenthelp.co

Question: Write an essay about the ICT Professionals. Answer: Task 1 ICT Professionals ICT is information and communication technologies which include in its umbrella every communication device like radio, television, computer, cell phone, software and hardware network, satellite system and many other communication applications. An ICT professional is an individual who has mastered in the science of information and communication technologies and the professionals under the said brand can include a number of categories like technology building, technology management, etc. The ICT professionals in Australia have to comply with the Australian Computer Society Code of Conduct. Every ICT professional in Australia has the responsibility of advancing the dignity, honor and efficiency of being a professional, which is a part of being a good citizen who abides by all the laws. However, certain guidelines are made under the ACS Code of Ethics which are mandatory for every ICT professional in Australia, these guidelines are to always keep in mind public interest, honestly, enhanc ement of quality of life, professional development, competence and professionalism (Prestridge 2010). Work Ethics and Value Every professional needs to comply with certain work ethics. Thus, as an ICT professional, the work ethics that I comply with are as follows:- Developing a social responsible culture while performing work obligations which promotes moral actions Support and promote the best interest of stakeholders Educate and guide public and potential ICT professionals concerning the ethical duties of the profession (Duncan Howell 2010). Adapting and managing every new situation as and when they occur However, the most important ethical value which I follow is to ensure that all business obligations are conducted keeping in mind social responsibilities and immediately reporting those actions which are improper or unethical. Communication with colleagues As the entire ICT industry and sector depends on three basic principles which is decide, develop and deliver, communication plays an important role in the ICT industry. In fact, every professional need to have a good communication, bargaining and convincing skills. Thus, in my opinion, having good communication skills is a sign of having good leadership qualities which is very needed for a professional to be successful. As an ICT professional, my communication with my colleagues is always very friendly and we discuss and plan divide work amongst each other to lighten our work burdens. This in return helps all of us to work efficiently and bring about better results and outcome. Additionally, having a friendly environment at work only increases efficiency and productivity (Koppi et al 2010). Diversity in the workplace India is a secular country where individuals of different religions and cultural live together, Thus, working as a professional in India, makes you interact with many individuals with complete different culture and values. Thus, as an ICT professional, I work with many colleagues and managers who are of different cultures however, diversity in religion and culture has never affected our professionalism. Moreover, as a professional no individual is judged based on their culture in fact everyone is equal and a friendly environment is always required to be maintained with colleagues and managers for working efficiently (Phelps, Graham and Kerr 2014). Task 2 Successful Completion Describe the basic principles and importance of effective interpersonal communication, active listening and reading for meaning After completing the ICT professional, I have learned many basic principles of the said professional along with many ethical codes of conducts. One of such ethic is having an effective interpersonal communication skill, which I learnt while dealing with course teachers and college colleagues along with my juniors who are aspiring ICT professionals. I learned that every communication happens for a reason and effective communication prevents misconceptions (Reading 2010). Active listening is a technique of communication which helps in training and problem solving. I learned technique after completion of my ICT course which required me to concentrate, absorb whats said, understand and only then deliver or communicate. Active listening also helps one to remember the things in a better manner. Reading for meaning is another technique which ICT course taught me by making me read many ICT course related text and contents and making me learn how to analyze whats important and meaningful to remember and understand (Prestridge 2012). Demonstrate teamwork skills Team work skills are very important in a professionals life. Team work skills require an individual to work in groups and without any harsh feelings towards group members. Thus, while studying ICT course, the professors assigned us with many group assignments, activities and task that required all the ICT students to work collectively in groups and come up with efficient reports. Thus, the ICT course helps me to increase my team work skills which will be very helpful when I work as a professional (Romeo, Lloyd and Downes 2012). Communicate ideas effectively both verbally and in written form using appropriate language The ICT course was very helpful in teaching communication skills and different techniques of the same which are very important in every professionals life. Both verbal and written communication is promoted in the ICT course in Australia which helps ones to be a more confident individual. The ICT course gives every student enrolled under it an option to learn different languages. Thus, as an ICT student, I learned the language of German and today I am very comfortable with verbal and written communication in Germany language along with (English Lim and Oakley 2013). Create and deliver effective oral presentations Every professional in his routine work life has to make many excels sheets and power point presentation which require him to present them to his seniors and managers. Thus, knowing how to make and present excel sheets and power point presentation is a required skill for all professionals which I learned in my CST course. Honestly, I have always been very good at making excl sheets and power point presentation; however I was never confident enough to present them correctly. In my ICT course a very senior professor explain me the importance of presentation and stated that a great excel sheet or an brilliantly made power point presentation is not impactful if not presented well, thus, he motivated me to improve my presentation skills. Argue the importance of ethics, codes of behavior, and societal, privacy and legal issues within the ICT industry (Barnes et al 2013). Ethics and Code of Behavior are important aspects of every industry and differ from sector to sector. However, every professional need to comply with ethics and code of behavior related to his industry. In Australia, the Australian Computer Society has introduced many Code of Professional Conduct which ICT professionals are required to comply with. Along with professional ethics, the ICT professionals also required to have good knowledge about the privacy and legal issues that can arise in ICT industry. Privacy and Legal issue in the ICT industry can only be handled with the knowledge of law in relation to these issues. Thus, the ICT course makes every student study and understands the laws which relate to the information and communication technologies industry (Chedid, Dew and Veitch 2013). Demonstrate an understanding of common work practices and values operating in the Australian workplace Every country has a separate code of conduct and usage which is applicable and used in its business industry. Thus, being an ICT professional in Australia, I am required to comply with the common work practices and values which are operative in Australian business world, thus, I have learned and undertook these values and practices in my ICT course by required me as a part of the course to intern with a company in the ICT sector. Assess how ICT can be used to improve organizational processes Organizational process require the need to develop a suitable work environment, standards, rules and regulations along with guidelines which can be maintained by an individual or a company. The information and communication technologies industry is forever growing and developing industry which can help in improving organizational processes as the said industry teaches different techniques of communication skills which are learned while studying the ICT course. Evaluate the application of emerging technologies to communication and collaboration (Orlando 2013). As more and more people are studying and enrolling in the ICT course, the advanced knowledge of the sector is helping professionals to come up with advanced and better communication and information technologies. Thus, the ICT course plays a big role in over all development of the emergence of new technologies and communication like smart phones and different apps that are available today for free calling and video chatting (Broadley 2010). Part 2 The two things I liked about the ICT course was the diversity it offers. A student who studies ICT can choose from a wide range of professions which include programming, database management, desktop support and networking. Additionally, its not restricted to desk jobs The other thing I like about the ICT course is that the students in ICT courses learn practical things in relation to software and computers. According to me in every ICT course student feedback is important which makes the professors realize what improvements in their lectures can be made. Additionally, advanced technology to teach and explain about information and communication technology can be used to make the lecture and teaching more practical and interesting. Reference List Barnes, E., Bullock, A.D., Bailey, S.E.R., Cowpe, J.G. and Karaharju Suvanto, T., 2013. A review of continuing professional development for dentists in Europe*.European Journal of Dental Education,17(s1), pp.5-17. Broadley, T., 2010. Digital revolution or digital divide: Will rural teachers get a piece of the professional development pie?.Education in Rural Australia,20(2), p.63. Chedid, R.J., Dew, A. and Veitch, C., 2013. Barriers to the use of Information and Communication Technology by occupational therapists working in a rural area of New South Wales, Australia.Australian occupational therapy journal,60(3), pp.197-205. Duncan Howell, J., 2010. Teachers making connections: Online communities as a source of professional learning.British journal of educational technology,41(2), pp.324-340. Koppi, T., Edwards, S.L., Sheard, J., Naghdy, F. and Brookes, W., 2010, January. The case for ICT work-integrated learning from graduates in the workplace. InProceedings of the Twelfth Australasian Conference on Computing Education-Volume 103(pp. 107-116). Australian Computer Society, Inc.. Lim, C.P. and Oakley, G., 2013. Information and communication technologies (ICT) in primary education. InCreating Holistic Technology-Enhanced Learning Experiences(pp. 1-18). SensePublishers. Orlando, J., 2013. ICT-mediated practice and constructivist practices: is this still the best plan for teachers uses of ICT?.Technology, Pedagogy and Education,22(2), pp.231-246. Phelps, R., Graham, A. and Kerr, B., 2014. Teachers and ICT: Exploring a metacognitive approach to professional development.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,21(1), p.49. Prestridge, S., 2010. ICT professional development for teachers in online forums: Analysing the role of discussion.Teaching and Teacher Education,26(2), pp.252-258. Prestridge, S., 2012. The beliefs behind the teacher that influences their ICT practices.Computers education,58(1), pp.449-458. Reading, C., 2010. Using ICT to increase professional connectedness for teachers in remote Australia.Aust Educ Comput,25(2), pp.3-6. Romeo, G., Lloyd, M.M. and Downes, T., 2012. Teaching Teachers for the Future (TTF): Building the ICT in education capacity of the next generation of teachers in Australia.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,28(6), pp.949-964.

Denver International Airport Project Management

Question: Discuss about the Denver International Airport Project Management. Answer: Introduction: The study includes the description of the project which is the construction of international airport in the Denver. Though there already exists an airport in Denver because the current circumstances the city right now needs a new or modified airport to fulfill the needs. A project can be referred to a time bounded and temporary task with pre-determined scope and goals. A project can be undertaken by anyone, from small private corporate to the big government department or even by a country. Handling of projects needs a vast quantity of skills methodologies and tools (Alnasseri, Osborne and Steel 2013). The proper use of these things for making the project success is called project management. In this study different aspects of project management will be examined in terms of constructing Denver International Airport. The most populous municipality and capital of Colorado, state of U.S., is known as Denver. The location of the city is east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, Western edge of the High Plains in the valley of the South Platte River (Flydenver.com, 2016). The Denver International Airport or DIA will be a public airport which will be under the ownership of City and County of Denver Department of Aviation. Project Concept and Strategy: Reasons behind Construction of Airport in Denver: The following descriptions support the need of new airport in Denver. Expected hike in traffic: As report made by the Denvers Regional Council of Government, Denvers Stapleton Airport was not capable of handling the traffic that is expected to arrive by the year of 2000. The airport can be made to bear the traffic up to 2005 but not more than that. There were two choices in the hand of the government of Denver such as constructing new airport or modifying it (Ashford, Coutu and Beasley 2013). The Denver's Regional Council of Government was in huge pressure of being so far away from the major cities, five hundred miles. The city needed an airport badly that can handle all the traffic sufficiently and efficiently so that Denver does not the loose valuable business. The airport ranked fifth in the list of the busiest airport in the country with thirty million passengers. It was calculated that by the year 2000 the airport would be handing sixty-six million passengers. Causing delay: The delay caused by the Denver Stapleton Airport harm all the airports. In addition with that, this delays causes loss of one hundred million dollars to the airline organizations (Zografos, Madas and Salouras 2013). The delays are caused by mainly bad weather and in result cancellation of flights, rerouting, overtime pay to staffs and many other issues occur. The poor condition of the airport: Because of the existence of poor services and condition of the airport, it was on the list of top ten worst air traffic bottlenecks in U.S. The low clouds were a huge issue for the airplanes as it can delay up to thirty to sixty minutes. Stapleton airport consists of two runways, north, and south (Ashford, Coutu and Beasley 2013). The runways are parallel and close to each other. In bad weather conditions, the airport authorities have to use those two runways as one. Project Scope: The scope of the project was as following. Having an airfield configuration which will be better than the Stapleton. The airfield will be capable of better security and three airplanes to land at the same time (Khadilkar and Balakrishnan 2013). The efficiency of the operations in the regional space can be improved. Minimizing the passenger walking distance as much as possible (Ashford, Coutu and Beasley 2013). Because of that, a more sufficient terminal layout will be implemented. More efficient international facilities will be included in the airport. Eliminating the risks that the project is continuously facing. Project define and planning: Risk Management: The risk assessment has been conducted on the basis of following four phases. Risk Identification: The risk in the projects can be divided into three dimensions such as cost, human resources, and weather. The cost of the project is continuously increasing that is hampering the estimated budget of the project repeatedly. The wrong cost estimation is one of the most severe risk that is related to the project (Baxter, Wild and Sabatini 2014). However the terminal area and the first runway was completed with five million dollars and almost two million dollars under budget, the total cost of the project was more than what was estimated. The estimated cost for the project was 1.2 billion, and it became five billion December 1994 (Wilke, Majumdar and Ochieng 2014). Another risk in the project is human resources. Denver got affected by the economic recession more than any of the cities in the nation. Recruiting the proper and qualified labor was a huge issue that the HR department was facing. By the end of 1992 more than six thousand workers were required to carry out the project. On the other hand, there were only five hundred workers were in the team (Khadilkar and Balakrishnan 2016). Last but not the least, the impact of bad weather has a huge part in the risk assessment. It is the greatest risk that the team is facing. Risk quantification: Risk response: In terms of risk that are associated with cost or funding, this risk can be passed on as there is no time to build up a team that will analyze and provide the solution to the risk. But corrective measures can be taken to reduce the impact of the risk through analyzing each aspect of the tasks that are to be undertaken (Alnasseri, Osborne and Steel 2013). After acknowledging the risk that is associated with human resources, it has to be understood by the organization that the risk can be influenced anyhow as it is an international matter and have to pass on the risk. In terms of bad weather risks, the team will be putting up all the efforts and resources while the weather is good so that the impact of bad weather can be avoided (Spring, Selviaridis and Zografos 2016). Risk monitoring: The risk can be monitored through proper reporting. The lower level employees will provide the report on their work progress to the higher authority. Controlling Changes in the Project: For controlling the project manager will be responsible for maintaining all the information about the change in a document, either paper or electronic. Then the changelog will be updated. The priority of change request must be assessed (Simaiakis et al. 2014). The changes will be carried out on the basis of the same criteria. Through the proper gathering of information regarding the impacts of the changes the decision on accepting or rejecting change will be done. Reasons behind Accepting Change Request as a Part of the Plan: The prime reason is that the change is a vital part of the projects. The change can bring either progress of the airport construction project or can hamper it (Khadilkar and Balakrishnan 2016). Forecasting all the changes that can be faced during the project makes the manager understand what should be incorporated in the project from the beginning and what not. Change of Scope in DIA Project: The scope of the DIA project has been changed for six times during its lifetime. The scope of the projects has been changed, and it caused the delay in the project delivery. The effects of the change of scope have been a bad impact on the project from all the aspects. It affected mostly in the cost that was allocated for the project at first (Alnasseri, Osborne and Steel 2013). The fund was raised from 1.2 billion to 5 billion. The effect of the scope change on the project does not include only bad outcomes. The quality of the ultimate project outcome has been enhanced greatly. Project Structure: Figure 1: Project Organization Structure of DIA (Source: Created by Author) Figure 1: Work Breakdown Structure of DIA Project (Source: Created by Author) Communication and Stakeholder Management: Mishap in Project Communication: The first communication mishap occurred due to the wrong estimation of the project. The city council and mayor were concerned about the fact that the project did not express that it worth two billion dollars (Khadilkar and Balakrishnan 2014). As a result, the authorities formed a blue-ribbon commission for examining the matter behind the hike in the cost. The hike in cost which was forty eight million dollars occurred due to the new design of the roofs. This cost estimation was done through the financial examination of the terminal (Baxter, Wild and Sabatini 2014). It also pushed the project toward more delay. Because of that efficiency of the project management team was questioned. The PMT also failed. Another huge mishap in communication happened due to improper identification and assessment of scope. The scope of the project changed continuously, and it affected both the cost and time of the project. Error in Communication Effect Wrong estimation of cost Affected the project team and project development Identification of Scope Increased time and cost Reason behind Opposing the Expansion of the Front Range Airport: Because of the lawsuit by United Airlines and environmental groups, the construction of hub in the Front Range Airport could not be given (Simaiakis and Balakrishnan 2015). The intention of UPS behind building a hub at the Front Range Airport was that if the Front Range Airport became cargo-only facility, then UPS would get the advantage of concentrating only on the Denver airport for the runway access (Bennell, Mesgarpour and Potts 2013). Though the Front Range and Denver airport are in the same control pattern, the effort of the UPS could be decreased to the minimum level. As there was a chance of losing business, UPS did not intend to establish a regional hub at Denver International Airport. This could have resulted in the loss of major developmental project which could be used for attracting other businesses. For creating a regional hub expansion of the runway and building control tower is required. For both the projects, federal funds were required and United Airlines refused to provide permission to the project (Chang 2013). Importance of Stakeholder Involvement: Individuals are bad at characterizing, especially in the subtle element, what they need. In any case, individuals are genuinely great at showing what they think they need and after that when a choice is exhibited to them what they like and don't care for about it (Ramamoorthy and Hunter 2013). At the end of the day, we have to work with our partners to distinguish what they think they need, produce something which mirrors that understanding, get input from our partners, and afterward, overhaul our answer for mirroring our enhanced comprehension (Grabher and Thiel 2015). The suggestion is we have to work in a more transformative and communitarian way in case we're to give arrangements which mirror our partner's real needs, and to do that we should work intently and consistently with partners. Customary ways to deal with programming improvement which depends on characterizing a point by point prerequisites determination right on time in the task alluded to as "large necessities in adva nce (BRUF)" techniques, end up being extremely hazardous practically speaking (Ofori 2015). Customary undertaking groups, even the "fruitful" ones, commonly create not as much as perfect results when they endeavor to deliver an answer which mirrors the determination. Stakeholder Stakeholder's Interest City Council of Denver New airport for facilitating journey Project management team Creating the project successfully People of Denver Having an airport with full facilities Airlines To expand business and stop losing money because of delays Table 1: Stakeholder and Their Interest (Source: Bennell, Mesgarpour and Potts 2013) Risk Management: Single Greatest Risk: Change of scope is one of the greatest risks that the project is facing for a long time. Because that the estimation of the project has been forced to increase tremendously. From 1991 to present the project has seen a tremendous amount of changes in the project scope. Often the cargo operations are proposed to shift to the Front Range Airport and sometimes the baggage system handling is proposed to install in the airport (Burnett et al. 2013). In June 1992 a contract was signed for new trephine service from the U.S. West Communication Services. It cost the project 24.4 million which was estimated first. In March 1993 again changed some aspects of the project. They decided to install and test new equipment in the airport which pushed the deadline for October 30 to December 18. Thirteen to sixteen months were needed for the construction of the new railway tracks (Narciso and Piera 2015). This decision again changed the duration of the project. The change of scope for the project has be en a great factor that has changed the core aspects of the project. The change of scope did not only harm the project, but it has provided a great quality to the project (Chang 2013). There may be some faces of the change of scope in the project but through this change of scope, the project has been able to include better equipment and services. DIA Project Risk Handling: The project risk handling has been a done in the project through analysis of risk. No risk prioritization or handling techniques have been assessed in the project. The risk analysis is always effective to recognize the risks and the impacts of them (Liu et al. 2014). However, without the proper risk management, it is of no use. The risk assessment has already been discussed in the study before with proper description. Contracting Services Necessity of Signed Agreement The Economic recession of the country hit the DIA constriction badly where grading of the terminal and the first runway was completed under $5 million budget. At the initial stages, only 500 employees were hired in this construction process, but as per the growing needs and demands, the organization anticipated that more than 6000 workers are needed which increase the overhead cost. Then Denver has generated a financial report where more than 9% bonds will mature in the year 2023 (Chang 2013). So the investor mentioned that this organization is running ahead of their schedule with below budget. Therefore, a tentative agreement is very needed to maintain a smooth and reliable construction process. Contractors Involved In DIA Project In March 1991, United Airlines and Denver reached a formal agreement where the number of gates is increased by 50% with 2000 reservation jobs (Kim 2013). Two companies play a significant role and help the organization to provide a systematic structure to the construction process. DIA authorities select an engineering and airport planning organization known as Greiner Engineering (Echeverri 2012). Then they contact with one other construction firm which is known as Morrison Knudsen Engineering. Both of these organizations contribute to schedule the co-ordination, control the cost, management of the information and administration of the working operation. Involvements of these contractors help to increase the airport facilities to serve the customers at its best price (Liu, Fellows and Chan 2014). Systematic Bid Process At the initial stages, the authorities were failed to maintain a systematic structure in their construction process. Most of the bonds made by this airport authority are under budget and the maturity time is overscheduled. In addition, the hiring of employees has no proper selection process. As a result, operations and maintenance of this airport are at stake (Fonseca, Casanovas and Ferran 2014). At first, the organization needs a formal contract to be signed by legal authorities who can help to maintain airport operations including baggage handling system and cargo facilities to ease the transport facilities (Liou 2014). For this, it is very necessary to maintain a healthy relationship with the outside contractors by providing them authentic information regarding their operations (Grabher and Thiel 2015). Moreover, an improved airfield configuration must be set up to operate their air flights in all the bad weather conditions by reducing the taxiway congestion. This improved operation will help to sustain customer loyalty as well as can draw more and more consumers towards their air services. Progress Monitoring and Control Schedule Variations in DIA Project Conversion of 1.2 billion projects to 5 billion projects by developing a new project is one of the most unfavorable decisions made by DIA. Opening day was delayed to March 1994 due to the problems of fire and security system. After that, the airport was ready to open, but due to ineffective baggage handling system, this opening was also delayed (Fonseca, Casanovas and Ferran 2014). A baggage handling system was hired as a backup. However, in this underutilized airport growth was declined day by day due to the absence of proper runways and terminals. All these delays lead to significant losses for the airport organization. Precautions It is the sole responsibility of the project manager to provide best-fitted solutions to meet the project schedule perfectly (Kim, Proal and Feron 2013). This can be achieved by making a proper plan which is discussed in the following section Layout the plans: The airport layout plan related to the land use and airspace to approve utility, efficiency, funding, and safety (Fonseca, Casanovas and Ferran 2014). Maximize the funding resources: Relevant funding resources are needed to meet the critical aspects of the project successfully. In order to meet the schedules perfectly, maximization of funding resources is very necessary to expand and renovate the project (Echeverri 2012). Define the project parameters: Project parameters should be documented properly to ensure the fact that new construction process does not interfere with the aircraft operations (Fonseca, Casanovas and Ferran 2014). With all the above planning, it is also very necessary to maintain a positive relationship with the federal contractors. These contractors should be selected on the basis of experience and qualification. This will help to drive efficiencies in the air services with best quality experience and price (Echeverri 2012). In this way, the organization can successfully achieve their target schedule by maintaining optimal functions and operations. Project Closeout: Major Areas of the Project: The strong aspects of the project management were intended to concentrate more on the operational issues rather than the aesthetic values (Kim, Feron and Clarke 2013). The project was concentrated on every part of the project with same severity. Installing automatic baggage system and making the airfield better was one of the best decisions that were taken in the project. Cause of Failure of DIA Project: The prime cause that the project was not a success is that the delay in the project that has been affected the project badly. The integration of new system may have provided the quality, but it also made the employees frustrated (Kim et al. 2013). The authorities could have completed project then integrated the required services. The project scope was not up to the mark. Lessons Learned: From the project, the lesson that can be learned is that never starting a project without proper risk and change assessment and scope. The planning of the project was too complex to carry out. DIA was trying to develop the project in a very short time after the change of scope, every time. The project was not using any change management document. In result, the time of the tasks was not modified. Conclusion: From the above study, it can be concluded that the initiation project plan is a very crucial factor in any project. It is right that Denver needed an airport badly but making it right is also important. Scope change management should have been done by the authorities. Signing proper contracts is also important. In 1989 the construction began without signing contracts with the Continental and United, which delayed the project to 1991.As opposed to being separate substances, the stuff framework, and the physical building spoke to a solitary coordinated framework. Sharing the physical space and administrations, for example, the electrical supply the planners of the physical building and the fashioners of the things framework expected to fill in as one incorporated group. While the underestimation of intricacy, absence of arranging, incapable correspondences and poor administration oversight drove the disappointment, the venture endured numerous different challenges that exacerbated the issues. Some of those issues were unavoidable; however, others were likely an aftereffect of the timetable weight the venture was working under. References: Alnasseri, N., Osborne, A. and Steel, G., 2013. 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