Notes Experimental Psych Overview

Sociology biota Chemistry Physics Astronomy Anthropology psychological science Others Outer circle (CO) art Music Literature Language Solvable and insoluble tasks Solvable problem- mavin which poses a question that potty be answered with the use of normal capacities (answers questions at a lower place the inner and outer circle) insolvable problem raises a question that is unanswerable. This concerns nonnatural phenomena (falling under Meta tangible disciplines) Science is Empirical (Observable) Solvable problems are open to empirical solving by studying evident vents Science outlined 1 .Sciences apply the scientific method to solvable problems 2. Dullnesss In the CO dont use the SMS but their problems are typically solvable 3. The dullnesss outside the circles uncomplete use the SMS nor pose solvable problems C Science is the application of the SMS to solvable problems. Psychology as a Science Psychology Is Materialistic, Objective and Deterministic If psychological scie nce Is ever to become a science, It must come about the example of the physical sciences it must be materialistic, mechanistic, deterministic, objective. -WatsonMaterialism (Same as Physicality) observable responses, physical events Objectivity the ruler of intersecting reliability Intersecting- two or more people trade the same experiences Determinism- the assumption that there is lawfulness Experimentation is the most the right way research method 0 Psychology became a science by applying the SMS to solvable problems. Psychological experimentation is an application of the SMS Stating the Problem and Hypothesis scrutiny the Hypothesis 1. Select participants 2. Randomly assign to groups 3. Randomly assign groups to nail down/ manipulation . Experimental group given a novel treatment b.Control group given normal treatment 4. bound the IV 5. Define the DVD 6. Control relevant EVE 7. Conduct statistical tests 8. infer and explain the hypothesis 9. Predict new(a) situations T erms 1 . return key an additional experiment is conducted but with the same process 2. Stimuli aspects of the external purlieu 3. Response aspects of behavior 4. S-R Laws if a trustworthy environmental characteristics is changed, behavior of a certain type also changes 5. Variable anything that push aside change in amount 6. Independent variable manipulated, treatment, investigation 7. Dependent variable footfall of any change in behavior 8.Continuous variable capable of changing by any amount 9. Discontinuous variable assume yet numerical values that differ by clearly defined stairs without intermittent values potential 10. Hypothesis -tentative solution to problem Functions of machine 1. To administer experimental treatment 2. To collect data 3. To reduce experimenter influences 4. To dismantle data specifically Conducting Statistical Tests Chance inequality Reliable difference Real 0 statistically reliable Accidental 0 ascribable only to chance Significant 0 r eliable (Preferable) Confirmed 0 probably true Discontinued 0 probably false it can be measured. J.B. Watson If psychology is ever to become a science, it must follow the example of the physical sciences it must be materialistic, mechanistic, deterministic, and objective. Chapter 2 The Problem Problem Scientific inquiry starts when we have already collected some experience but there is something we still do not know shipway Problem is Manifested 1 . When there is a noticeable gap in the results of investigations Students conducting thesis are reading related literature so their warehousing of information is filled with new knowledge 2. When the results of several inquiries disagrees The results are contradicting 3.When a fact exists in the form of unexplained information When a new theory explains a fact, it also explains other phenomena, because theories are general that it can explain many facts Defining a Solvable Problem 1. The proposed solution is Testable 2. The proposed solution is Relevant to the problem A. What is a testable hypothesis? A. If it is possible to do that it is either true or false B. Knowledge is expressed in the form of propositions a. The requirement that knowledge can occur only in the form of a statement is critical for the process of testability. C.Degree of Probability preferably of True or False Kinds of Possibilities 1 . Presently attainable the contingency is within our power at the present time 2. potentially attainable possibilities that may come within the powers of people at some in store(predicate) time Classes of Testability 1 . Presently testable related with Presently attainable 2. Potentially testable related to Potentially attainable Working Principle for the Experimenter . Applying the criterion of Testability a. Do all the variables contained in the hypothesis actually refer to empirically observable events? B.Is the hypothesis formulated in such a way that it is possible to relate it to empirically obs ervable events and render a decision on its degree of probability? Term determine the degree of probability for them. Unsolvable Problems The Unstructured Problem Inadequately defined terms and the operational translation Solution Through Operational Definitions Operational definitions one that indicates that a certain phenomenon exists, and sees so by specifying precisely how the phenomenon is measured Operations adequate definitions of the variables with which a science deals are a prerequisite to advancement.Initiated by P. W. Abridgment in 1972 Impossibility of Collecting Relevant Data Vicious circularity renders problems unsolvable Additional considerations Problems should be technologically or theoretically important Problems of the impasse variety should be avoided unless creative solutions are possible Psychological reactions to problems- we should strain a truth criterion and not dismiss a baring only because it is disturbing